Natural Resource Abundance, Renewable Energy, and Ecological Footprint Linkage in MENA Countries

Apart from being vulnerable to the menace created by climate change, MENA countries consume more of non-renewable energy despite their resource endowments and great renewable potentials. Energy consumption, natural exploration urbanization may add environmental degradation since ecological distortions emanate human activities. This study investigates effects aforementioned variables on footprint in countries. The findings confirm Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis further reveal negative impact economic growth environment. Renewable reduce footprint. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) Dynamic (DOLS) were applied obtain country-specific results. Further suggest a feedback causality between urbanization, Policy directions based are extensively discussed.